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, which “improvements the relative energy with the states from the coupling of the field on the polarization �?E �?· P →The off situations displays a slight raise for larger intensity, which will be the indicator of your onset of some memory effect in the light-induced modification of lithium niobate demand distribution, in the same way to

A series of Er-doped silicate glasses is ready by a conventional melting technique underneath usual processing situations, and the results of gamma-ray radiation on absorption and emission Homes of all samples are investigated.We notice that RE missing five d occupation exhibit bigger magnetic anisotropy energies at higher densities, when All those